Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels. It is an umbrella term that encompasses diseases such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, congenital heart defects, and more.
Some key points about cardiovascular disease:
- Atherosclerosis - This is the buildup of plaque in the arteries, causing them to narrow and harden. It can lead to heart attack or stroke. Hypertension, high LDL cholesterol, smoking, and diabetes are key risk factors.
- Ischemic heart disease - Also known as coronary artery disease (CAD), this is caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. It can cause angina (chest pain) or heart attack.
- Heart failure - When the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. Causes shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling.
- Arrhythmias - Abnormal heart rhythms such as atrial fibrillation. Can cause palpitations, fainting, or cardiac arrest.
What causes CVD? The biggest controllable risk factors are smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and excessive alcohol. High blood pressure,
high LDL cholesterol, and diabetes also raise risk significantly.
How can CVD be prevented and managed? Steps individuals can take include:
- Maintaining healthy blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar levels
- Eating a nutritious diet high in fruits/vegetables
- Being physically active on most days
- Avoiding tobacco
- Limiting alcohol intake
Medications like statins and antihypertensives can help manage underlying risk factors. Procedures like bypass surgery or stenting may also be options in some cases.
The specialists at
Balance Hormone Institute also highlight the vital role that
hormone balance plays in cardiovascular health.
Testosterone therapy in men and
estrogen replacement in women can help mitigate CVD risk when used appropriately under medical supervision.
Managing cardiovascular disease is crucial, as it remains a leading cause of death globally. But with lifestyle changes and proper medical care, much can be done to promote heart health and prevent CVD-related disability and mortality.
I tried to cover some key information about what CVD entails, its major risk factors, and how it can be prevented and managed. Let me know if you would like me to clarify or expand on any part of this explanation!